ACT-A Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator
ACTT Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial
AI artificial intelligence
AMC Advanced Market Commitment
ART antiretroviral therapy
ARV antiretroviral
BARDA Biomedical Advanced Research and Development
BMGF Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
CDC Centers for Disease Control
CDSCO Central Drugs Standard Control Organization
CEPI Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
CHAI Clinton Health Access Initiative
CL compulsory license
COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019
CTAP Coronavirus Treatment Acceleration Program
DCGI Drug Controller General of India
DCV daclatasvir
ddPCR droplet digital PCR
DHHS Department of Health and Human Services
DoD Department of Defense
DSMB Data and Safety Monitoring Board
EC European Commission
EMA European Medicines Agency
EU European Union
EUA Emergency Use Authorization
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FDAs Food and Drug Authorities/Administrations
FIND Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics
GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations
GFATM Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
GSK GlaxoSmithKline
HCV hepatitis C virus
ICER Institute for Clinical and Economic Review
IDMC independent data monitoring committee
IFR infection fatality rate
IP intellectual property
IVA Inclusive Vaccines Alliance
JAK Janus kinases
J & J Johnson & Johnson
LMIC low- and middle-income countries
LPV/r lopinavir/ritonavir
MERS Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
MIS-C Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
mRNA messenger RNA
MSF Médecins Sans Frontières
NDRA national drug regulatory agencies
NHS National Health Service
NIAID National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
NIH National Institutes of Health
OWS Operation Warp Speed
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PPE personal protective equipment
RDIF Russian Direct Investment Fund
SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SOC standard of care
SOF sofosbuvir
STATs signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins
TB tuberculosis
TRIPS Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
UN United Nations
US United States
USAMRID US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
US FDA United States Food and Drug Administration
VL voluntary license
VRC Vaccine Research Center
WHO World Health Organization
WTO World Trade Organization